Malaysia unexpectedly raised its benchmark interest rate by a quarter point on Wednesday, as it sought to preemptively ward of any risk of future financial imbalance amid lingering price pressures.

Bank Negara Malaysia hiked the overnight policy rate to 3%, a move predicted by just three out of 19 economists in a Bloomberg survey. The rest had expected the central bank to stay pat for a third straight meeting.

“The balance of risk to the inflation outlook is tilted to the upside and remains highly subject to any changes to domestic policy including on subsidies and price controls, financial market developments, as well as global commodity prices,” the central bank said in a statement. 

Benchmark local stock index’s losses narrowed to 0.3%, while the ringgit gained 0.3% against the dollar after the surprise increase. Malaysia’s 2-year non-deliverable interest rate swaps rose 7 basis points to 3.45%.

Wednesday’s move marks the return of borrowing costs to pre-pandemic levels by BNM after a brief pause in adjustments earlier this year. The decision comes ahead of the government’s plans to cut diesel and gasoline subsidies, which could potentially add to price pressures, and precedes the Federal Reserve’s meeting where US central bankers are expected to move by a quarter-point before standing pat for a while.

The central bank’s Monetary Policy Committee judged that the economy had momentum, expecting expansion to be supported by domestic demand even as the global outlook darkened. 

“In light of the continued strength of the Malaysian economy, the MPC also recognizes the need to ensure that the stance of monetary policy is appropriate to prevent the risk of future financial imbalances.” The current policy settings are slightly accommodative and remains supportive of the economy, BNM said.

Malaysia’s March’s core inflation — which strips out volatile food and energy prices — remained sticky at 3.8%, surpassing headline inflation for a sixth straight month.

BNM has removed its pandemic stimulus, but still sees monetary policy as slightly stimulatory, that inflation risks are tilted to the upside and has added the concern about financial imbalances to it forward guidance,” said David Forrester, a FX strategist at at Credit Agricole CIB in Singapore. “This rhetoric suggests BNM could be beginning a new phase of its tightening cycle.”

Still, others believe current economic conditions may force policymakers to pause.

“BNM will leave the OPR unchanged for the rest of the year, in cognizant of a softer inflation outlook globally in 2H23, an expected end to global rate hike cycle by mid-2023, and rising recession risks in advanced economies,” said Julia Goh and Loke Siew Ting of United Overseas Bank ahead of the decision. The duo had correctly predicted Wednesday’s rate hike.

Malaysia is showing signs of wear from the weakened global demand, with outbound shipments in March contracting for the first time in nearly three years. 

While domestic household spending remains resilient and unemployment continues to decline, the central bank said downside risks to growth stem from weaker-than-expected global growth and more volatile global financial market conditions.

“As the MPC still sees upside risk to inflation and a preemptive measure against the risk of future buildup of financial imbalances, we expect an extended pause ahead,” said Winson Phoon, head of fixed-income research at May bank Securities Pte in Singapore.